
ada mcm ciri2 kat atas nii x??
kalao ada...haa...sla la rasa tkt...
kuku2 camnii, slalunya ada penyakit...
penyakit2 ni termsklah:
- Lung disease:
- Lung cancer, mainly large-cell (35% of all cases), not seen frequently in small cell lung cancer
- Interstitial lung disease
- Tuberculosis
- Suppurative lung disease: lung abscess, empyema, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Mesothelioma
- It is worth noting that clubbing is not associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Indeed, the presence of clubbing in a patient with COPD should prompt a search for an under0lying (lung) cancer.
- Heart disease:
- Any disease featuring chronic hypoxia
- Congenital cyanotic heart disease (most common cardiac cause)
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
- Atrial myxoma (benign tumor)
- Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary:
- Malabsorption
- Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis
- Cirrhosis, especially in primary biliary cirrhosis
- Other liver diseases (in the "hepatopulmonary syndrome", a complication of cirrhosis)
- Others:
- Hyperthyroidism (thyroid acropachy)
- Familial and racial clubbing and "pseudoclubbing" (people of African descent often have what appears to be clubbing)
- Vascular anomalies of the affected arm such as an axillary artery aneurysm (in unilateral clubbing)



Sy copy2 ja suma nii...kalo anda rajen nak cr lbih byk maklumat...cr kat wikipedia ye...
2 comments:
ini info yang sgt berguna :))
thanks kak piah :D
ehe..sama2..skali skala tau bnda camni bes jgk...saja kakpiah xda keja..
Post a Comment